Snippets

People must be seeking out probiotic products because they seem to be everywhere. But how many know what a probiotic is? Don’t put me on that list. (Let me guess: Someone in favor of a biotic?) And now I see a product advertised as a prebiotic. I don’t have a clue.

In the delicious irony department: Bill O’Reilly is furious that the Florida law that allows the removal of books from school libraries, a policy he supports, caused some of his books to be removed from school libraries.

The little white board in the corner of the physical therapy facility asked its question of the week: What year is it in Ethiopia under the Ge’ez calendar? The correct answer, I was told, is 2016. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church calculates a different time for the birth of Jesus than those who created the Gregorian or Julian calendars. Right now that puts Ethiopia eight years behind us, but the Ethiopian New Year comes in September. Then it will be only seven years behind until our New Year’s Day. With the Ge’ez calendar, I learned, there is no need to memorize the childhood poem beginning Thirty days has September. Ethiopia has thirteen months. Twelve are thirty days long. The month of Pagume, the outlier, has five or six days depending on whether it is a leap year. Who knew?

What does it take to get into heaven? If it is not doing harm to others, I believe I stand a chance. If it is how much good is done to others, I am not so sure. If it is the amount of sycophantic praying to an Almighty, I don’t stand a chance.

When Trump was president murders in the U.S. increased at the fastest rate since national statistics began in 1960 even though murder rates did not increase in other countries during the same period. We should be grateful that murder rates without Trump as president are now precipitously declining with rates much lower than in the 1970s, 80s, and 90s.

From now on, whenever I hear that we need armed non-criminals to stop gun violence, I will think of Uvalde.

When I sat down on a bench outside the coffee place to watch the world go by, I immediately saw a shopping cart overloaded with large plastic bags bearing bottles and cans being pushed down the street. This regularly occurring sight is a consequence of two things: New York requires a deposit on bottles and cans of beer, wine, soda and the like. And the New Yorkers I know who have paid the deposit do not return the containers to collect the 5-cent refunds on each container. Instead, we just willingly pay extra for what we buy and feel some very minor righteousness because we place our empties in a recycling can which is (supposed to be) picked up by the city once a week. We recycle and have done our bit for landfills and against litter. Free enterprise steps into this breach. People collect refundable bottles and cans out of those recycling bins and load them into plastic bags on shopping carts, like the one I saw outside the coffee shop. Presumably these go to a redemption center, but I, like my friends, have no idea where the nearest redemption center is. I have read that 64% of the refundables are redeemed in New York state. The 5-cent deposit is the same as it was when the law took effect in 1982, and a higher percentage of bottles and cans were returned back then. Perhaps more would be returned now if the deposit had kept pace with inflation. In any event, many bottles and cans that have exacted a 5-cent deposit are not redeemed, and that means a whole lot of money is not paid back to depositors or the freelance collectors of bottles and cans. Have you ever wondered where the money goes? (I am working on a new song for this age: “Where have all the d’posits gone?”)

What’s In a Headline

MURDER HEADLINES.

“Murders Spiked in 2020 in Cities Across the United States.” Thus read yesterday’s headline from a news source I look at daily. Often, I read no more than the headline believing it gives me the gist of the news. This time I read the story and realized that the headline could have been written in ways that might have put a different spin on the recently released FBI crime statistics. For example, the headline might also have said, “Major Crimes Fall in 2020.” While the original headline is true, so is the alternative, for the story reported, “Major crimes overall dropped about 5 percent.” But surely while both may be accurate, they likely give differing impressions of crime in the country.

          While we are much more likely to be a victim of a crime other than homicide, murders grab our attention and are likely to make it into the headlines. Nevertheless, variations on the headline were possible. Indeed, the same news source a week earlier reported on preliminary FBI data and had a story similar to the one from yesterday. Its headline: “Murder Rose by Almost 30% in 2020. It’s Rising at a Slower Rate in 2021.” Does this headline from a week ago give you a different impression from the one yesterday? The earlier one also appears to be true. This summer’s spike in homicides was lower than that from the summer of 2020. (Murders rise in the summer each year.) The story reported: “The higher murder rate has continued into 2021, although the pace has slowed as the year progressed.” The earlier headline seems to be delivering some good, or at least mitigating, news. Of course, they could have chosen a different headline, still accurate but more dire: “Murder Rose by Almost 30% in 2020 and Continues to Climb.”

          The headline yesterday stressed cities, but there may have been a different reaction had the headline read: “Murder Rate Jumped in 2020. Widespread Increase Was Not Limited to Major Cities.” This also would have been accurate. Although the story said that some cities had had a record number of murders, it also reported that “killings were more widespread, occurring in all regions of the United States and not limited to major cities.” Another accurate headline: “Murder Rate Spiked in 2020 but Major Cities Account for Smaller Share of Murders in U.S.” The story gave this striking statistic: “In 1990, New York City and Los Angeles accounted for 13.8 percent of the country’s homicides, compared with 3.8 percent in 2020.” The story’s actual headline made this fact a surprise. Would alternative headlines have given a different impression of murders in large cities?

          A different headline might have assuaged fear: “Murders Increased in 2020. Still Well Below Historical Highs.” The article stated that some cities had hit record highs, but the national rates are “still well below the record set during the violence of the early 1990s” remaining about one-third lower than the earlier highs. Three decades ago there were nearly ten murders for every 100,000 people while last year it was slightly over six per100,000. Perhaps the headline might have said, “Lower Murder Rates from Previous Highs Made Big Cities Safer.” The story reported that while 2020 murders in New York City increased to 500 from 319 the previous year, they were twenty-two percent of what they were in 1990 when 2,200 were recorded. Murders in Los Angeles increased from 258 in 2019 to 351 last year but were at their highest—1010—in 1980. And even though Chicago had an increase last year to 771, that was below the 939 murders in 1992.

          Instead of stressing cities in the headline, the editors could have focused on a different part of the data: “Murder Rate Jumped in 2020 Led by Increased Firearm Use.” This, too, would have been accurate as the story reported that 77% of the murders were by firearms which was up from 67% a decade ago.

          The headline might have been more political by saying: “Murder Rate Soared under Trump.” The earlier article contained a graph of the murder rates from the 1960s. The story could have stressed that the rates were highest in the 1970s when Republicans Nixon and Ford were President, dropped a bit, but spiked again under Republicans Reagan and Bush the Elder. The article could also have said murder rates plummeted in the 1990s under Democratic President Clinton, leveled off under W, and then modestly declined when Obama was in office.

          But the most striking headline might have been: “For 32nd Straight Year, Louisiana Had Highest Murder Rate in 2020.”